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2 euro commemorative coin of the Italian Republic, issued on 15 October 2008 in a circulation of 2,500,000 copies. Dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The author of the design is Claudia Momoni (initials "CM"). Bimetallic, diameter 25.75 mm, weight 8.5 g. Minted at the IPZS in Rome.
Obverse
The national side of the coin depicts two symbolic silhouettes - a man and a woman, connected by three strong symbols: an olive branch (symbol of peace), an ear of wheat (symbol of the right to food and sustenance) and a cogwheel (symbol of the right to work). The figures are placed inside a circle formed by barbed wire - a symbol of the restrictions on freedom that the Declaration is intended to eliminate. At the bottom is the inscription "60° DIRITTI UMANI" (60th Anniversary of Human Rights) with the monogram "RI" (Repubblica Italiana) above it. On the right is the mint mark "R" and the author's signature "CM". In the center is the year "2008". On the outer ring are the 12 stars of the EU.
Reverse
The reverse is the common side of the 2 euro coins of the second type, designed by Luc Luix (Royal Belgian Mint). It depicts a map of Europe as a single continent without internal borders - a symbol of European unity. On the left is a large denomination "2" and the inscription "EURO", on the right is a map with six thin horizontal lines in the background. On the outer ring are the 12 stars of the European Union. The band is finely grooved and the inscription "2 ★", repeated six times alternately upright and inverted.
Historical context
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an international document proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948 in Paris by resolution 217 (III). It is the first international document that defined the fundamental human rights and freedoms that must be ensured everywhere in the world. The declaration was created in response to the horrors of World War II and the Holocaust. The commission for the preparation of the text was headed by Eleanor Roosevelt (USA), the main authors were: John Humphrey (Canada), René Cassin (France), Charles Malik (Lebanon), Peng Chun Chang (China). The declaration consists of 30 articles, proclaiming the following rights: to life, liberty and security; freedom from slavery and torture; equality before the law; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; the right to education and work, etc. Although the Declaration itself is not legally binding, it became the basis for subsequent international treaties.