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Commemorative coin of the Italian Republic, 2 euros, issued in 2018 in a circulation of 4,000,000 copies. Dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Italian Constitution. The author of the design is Luciana De Simoni. Bimetallic, diameter 25.75 mm, weight 8.5 g. Minted at IPZS in Rome.
Obverse
The center of the coin depicts an allegorical composition dedicated to the Constitution of the Italian Republic. The shield or open book of the Constitution is depicted, above which the Italian tricolor flag flutters. The main principles of the Constitution are placed in the center. The inscriptions include "COSTITUZIONE DELLA REPUBBLICA ITALIANA" (Constitution of the Italian Republic) and the dates "1948-2018". Also on the field of the coin is the monogram "RI" (Repubblica Italiana), the mint mark "R" and the initials of the author. On the outer ring are the 12 five-pointed stars of the EU.
Reverse
The reverse is the common side of the 2 euro coins of the second type, designed by Luc Luix (Royal Belgian Mint). It depicts a map of Europe as a single continent without internal borders - a symbol of European unity. On the left is a large denomination "2" and the inscription "EURO", on the right is a map with six thin horizontal lines in the background. On the outer ring are the 12 stars of the European Union. The band is finely fluted and has the inscription "2 ★", repeated six times, alternately upright and inverted.
Historical context
The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) is the fundamental law of Italy, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, promulgated on 27 December 1947 by President Enrico De Nicola and entered into force on 1 January 1948. The constitution was created after the fall of the monarchy in a referendum on 2 June 1946, when Italians voted for the Republic (54.3% of the vote) against the monarchy. The text consists of 139 articles, divided into a Preamble, Fundamental Principles and two parts: "Rights and Duties of Citizens" and "Government". Key features: recognition of work as the foundation of the Republic (art. 1), equality of all citizens (art. 3), protection of human rights, social rights, division of powers between the legislative (bicameral parliament), the executive (Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister), the judiciary and the president as head of state. The text was written by representatives of all political forces - Christian Democrats, Communists, Socialists, Republicans and Liberals. The three founding fathers - Alcide De Gasperi, Palmiro Togliatti and Giuseppe Saragat.